ch 4. Theory and practice of Muslim state in India. Ain-i-Akbari by Abul Fazl, trans. trans. Chapter 7. A liberal thinker like his father, Abu’l Fazl quickly gained favor with the emperor and supported him in extending the religious tolerance of his empire. He describes the women as unwilling participants in the Jauhar, victims of the Rájpút men, who, the next day, came out of the house of Ráná, the temple of Mahádeo, and the gate of Rámpúrah in “twos and threes” to “[throw] away” their own lives. At the distance of one kos from the city, the Gogra, after its junction with the Sai, flows belows the fort. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan. The legacy of Muslim rule in India. pp. The inhabitants of this land are religious, affectionate, hospitable, genial and frank. ), Abul Fazl’s Ain-i-Akbari, quoted in Kishore, Kunal (2016). Shaikh Abu al-Fazal ibn Mubarak (Persian: ابو الفضل ‎‎) also known as Abu'l-Fazl, Abu'l Fadl and Abu'l-Fadl 'Allami (1551 – 12 August 1602) was the vizier of the Mughal emperor Akbar, and author of the Akbarnama, the official history of Akbar's reign in three volumes, (the third volume is known as the Ain-i-Akbari) and a Persian translation of the Bible. Ain - I - Akbari Of Abul Fazl -i-allami Vol.ii. introduction. If a horse lost condition, the fines came down to the water carriers and sweepers employed in the stable. Immediately seizing a favourite fusil, on which he had bestowed the name of Singrám, Akbar instantly discharged it at this person, expressing at the same time to Shujáat Khán and Rájáh Bahgwántdás, that feeling on this occasion the same exhilarating sensation as he experienced when killing game, he entertained but little doubt that his shot had taken effect on the man; on which Khán Jahán, another of the chiefs in attendance, took occasion to mention, that during the night the same personage had repeatedly appeared in the breach, exerting himself with singular diligence and activity, and that if he appeared no more, it was sufficiently evident that he must have fallen. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan. Chapter 3. JUNE 14TH, 2018 - ABU L FAZL IBN MUBARAK THE ORIGINAL PERSIAN TEXT WAS TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH BY H BLOCHMANN AND AKBAR NAMA HAS BEEN WRITTEN BY EMPEROR AKBAR' 'Akbar nama The Full Wiki June 18th, 2018 - More info on Akbar nama Wikis Both Abu’l Fazl and Akbar had very tolerant religious ideas translated by Helen Blochmann' A. D. 1568, 23d February.–The circumstances of this auspicious and splendid event may be distinctly collected from the following statement. In 1579, together with his father, Abu’l Fazl helped to compose the decree known as the “Infallibility Decree,” which endowed the emperor Akbar with religious superiority over the orthodox authority of the ulama. Between 1783 and 1786, the scholar Francis Gladwin (1744/5-1812) produced an English translation from the original Persian. About Akbar. He often said that the Mir was his vakil, Indian philosophy, physician, and astronomer, and that no one could understand the amount of his grief for him. During the remainder of the night, although the breach had been entirely abandoned by the garrison, which had fled in dismay on the death of Jaimul, and withdrawn to various recesses of the places, the imperial troops, nevertheless, cautiously abstained from attack, with that prudent forbearance always necessary to avert unseen and sudden danger. The legacy of Muslim rule in India. Not an hour afterwards, Jubbár Kulí Dívánah came and reported that not a man of the enemy was to be seen at the breach, and almost at the same instant the interior of the fort appeared on fire in several places. A. H. 975. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan. Ain-i-Akbari by Abul Fazl. At a period so critical, a person came in view of the emperor, clad in that species of armour denominated Hazár míkhí, or mail of a thousand studs, and exhibiting proofs of the highest authority, stood upon the breach, where he appeared to exert himself with signal bravery and activity. Shaikh Abu al-Fazal ibn Mubarak (Persian: ابو الفضل ‎) also known as Abu'l-Fazl, Abu'l Fadl and Abu'l-Fadl 'Allami (January 14, 1551 - August 12, 1602) was the vizier of the great Mughal emperor Akbar, and author of the Akbarnama, the official history of Akbar's reign in three volumes, (the third volume is known as the Ain-i-Akbari) and a Persian translation of the Bible. He lodged in it, moreover, a garrison of five thousand Rájpúts of acknowledged bravery, and already renowned for their devotion to the paths of glory. People similar to or like Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak The Grand vizier of the Mughal emperor Akbar, and author of the Akbarnama, the official history of Akbar's reign in three volumes, (the third volume is known as the Ain-i-Akbari) and a Persian translation of the Bible. (ca. He has a high position of grand vizier in the court. Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak is the 1,692nd most popular writer (up from 1,769th in 2019), the 171st most popular biography from India (up from 176th in 2019) and the 29th most popular Indian Writer. On the ninth of the light half of the month of Chaitra a great religious festival is held. Pages in category "Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak" This category contains only the following page. He became lord of the earth and slew Rãvana. Thirdly, was the gate of Rámpúrah, where these devoted men gave their bodies to the winds in appalling numbers. It was the residence of Rãmachandra who in the Treta age combined in his own person both the spiritual supremacy and the kingly office. 171-172), “He was accordingly born during the Tretã Yuga on the ninth of the light half of the month of Chaitra (March-April) in the city of Ayodhya, of Kausalya, wife of Rãjã Daśaratha. Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak (1551-1602) was the vizier of Akbar (1542-1605), the third Mughal emperor. Foi também uma das Nove Jóias (em hindi: Navaratnas) da corte real de Akbar e irmão de Faizi, o Some time after midnight, however, the besieged brought a competent force to bear upon this breach; and on the one hand, giving themselves up to the winds of destiny, proceeded on the other to load this breach with bales of cloth and cotton, and faggots smeared with oil, for the purpose of setting on fire the moment the besiegers advanced to the assault, so that it would be impossible to effect a passage through. Around the environs of the city, they sift the earth and gold is obtained. Agosto 1602 Shaikh also known as Abul Fazl, Abu'l Fadl and Abu'l-Fadl 'Allami was the Grand vizier of the Mughal emperor Akbar, and author of the Akbarnama, the official history of Akbar's reign in three volumes, and a Persian translation of the Bible. The third volume of the Akbarnama, the Ain-i-Akbari, or the “Institutes of Akbar,” is the most famous. In 1599, Abu’l Fazl was given his first office, at Deccan, where he was recognized for his ability as a military commander. Indian muslims: Who are they. Abul Fazl's father, Shaikh Mubarak Nagori, was born in 1506 at Nagaur. When an elephant died through neglect, the attendants (some of whom drew less than three rupees a month) had to pay the price of the animal. Theory and practice of Muslim state in India. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan. It was composed in Persian between 1590 and 1596 while more than 49 different artists worked on the illustrations. As well as containing a detailed report of Akbar’s system of government and administration, the fourth book of this volume gives a more general history of India in addition to an account of Hindu philosophy, literature, religion, and custom. Miscellaneous Translations from Oriental Languages, Vol. The Johar conflagration was found to ascend from the mansions of Pátá of the Seisúdíah tribe, and one of the Ráná’s most confidential ministers, of the Rahtúrs, of whom a certain Sáhib was the chief, and of Aisúrdas the leader of the Cháhúns, in which there were consumed to the number altogether of three hundred helpless females. The legacy of Muslim rule in India. Three years later in 1602, he was assassinated under secret orders from emperor Akbar’s eldest son, the future emperor Jahangir, whose ascendancy and 1600 rebellion against his father Abu’l Fazl had opposed. (Photo … Creator:Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak. Ayodhyā revisited. Abu’l-Fazl ibn Mubarak (1551–1602) Akbar-nahmeh, by Abu-al-Fazl (1605). Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak (1551-1602) was the vizier of Akbar (1542-1605), the third Mughal emperor. Chapter 2. On due consideration, Akbar was early convinced that the success of the enterprise in which he was engaged would be but little advanced by pursuing the man whose doom was already sealed, in the heart of his mountains; and it was surely by the inspiration of his superior fortune, that he now determined to devote the whole of his energies to the sole object of making himself master of this fortress of Chaitúr, universally considered as the very foundation and resting-place of the Ráná’s power and renown. by H. Blochmann, quoted from Lal, K. S. (1992). Shaikh Abu al-Fazal ibn Mubarak (ابو الفضل) also known as Abu'l-Fazl, Abu'l Fadl and Abu'l-Fadl 'Allami (14 January 1551 – 12 August 1602) was the Grand vizier of the Mughal emperor Akbar, and author of the Akbarnama, the official history of Akbar's reign in three volumes, (the third volume is known as the Ain-i-Akbari) and a Persian translation of the Bible. On the ninth of the light half of the month of Chaitra a great religious festival is held.” (Sacred Places of Pilgrimage. Muslim slave system in medieval India. Shaikh Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarakk also known as Abu'l-Fazl, Abu'l Fadl and Abu'l-Fadl 'Allami (14 January 1551 – 12 August 1602) was the Grand vizier of the Mughal emperor Akbar, and author of the Akbarnama, the official history of Akbar's reign in three volumes, (the third volume is known as the Ain-i-Akbari) and a Persian translation of the Bible. Near the city stand two considerable tombs of six and seven yards in length respectively. It was the residence of Ramachandra who in the Treta age combined in his own person both the spiritual supremacy and the kingly office. Also cited in Herklot, Islam in India, 85-86. They were born on a Sunday. They have also been known as "Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak".Their Zodiac sign is ♑ Capricorn.Their Chinese Zodiac sign is 狗 Dog.They are considered the most important person in history who died in 1602. Akbar had prohibited enslavement and sale of women and children of peasants who had defaulted in payment of revenue. Historical essays. [1] ... Rama was accordingly born during the Treta Yuga on the ninth of the light half of the month of Chaitra in the city of Ayodhya. In ancient times its populous site covered an extent of 148 kos in length and 36 in breadth, and it is esteemed one of the holiest places of antiquity. He was the author of the Akbarnama, the three volume official account of the emperor's reign. The king, in his wisdom, understood the spirit of the age, and shaped his plans accordingly. quoted from Lal, K. S. (1992). II. The third time that the writer accompanied His Majesty to the delightful valley of Kashmir, he met with a few old men of this. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan. Some say that at Rattanpur is the tomb of Kabir the assertor of the unity of God. Jump to navigation Jump to search. 1590), If royalty did not exist, the storm of strife would never subside, nor selfish ambition disappear. On this memorable day, although there was not in the place a house or street or passage of any kind that did not exhibit heaps of slaughtered bodies, there were three points in particular at which the number of the slain was surprisingly great; one of these was the palace of the Ráná, into which the Rájpúts had thrown themselves in considerable numbers; from whence they successively sallied upon the imperialists in small parties, of two and three together, until the whole had nobly perished sword in hand. At age 23, Abu’l Fazl was introduced to the court of emperor Akbar by his older brother Abu’l Faizi, the future poet laureate. quoted from Lal, K. S. (1999). Shaikh Abu al-Fazal ibn Mubarak (Persian: ??? (Photo … They are fond of scientific pursuits, inclined to austerity of life, seekers after justice, contented, industrious, capable in affairs, loyal, truthful and constant… They one and all believe in the unity of God, and as to the reverence they pay to the images of stone and wood and the like, which simpletons regard as idolatry, it is not so. He knew, as Abul Fazl says, that many evil hearted and vicious men either because of ill-founded suspicion or sheer greed, used to proceed to villages and mahals and sack them. Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak presenting the Akbarnama to Akbar. Soon after Fazl's birth, Khizr travelled to Sindh to bring other members of his family to Nagaur but he died on the way. The distance of forty kos to the east, and twenty to the north is regarded as sacred ground. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak presenting the Akbarnama to Akbar. Ain-i-Akbari by Abul Fazl. This important conquest, which may well be considered the crowning triumph of imperial fortune, had the immediate effect of dispelling those fumes of ambition and self-importance which had distempered the brains of the haughtiest powers in Hindústán, and disposed them to assume in exchange the bonds of sincere allegiance. This document on the workings of his empire was produced by Akbar's vizier, Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak (1551-1602). Ain-i-Akbari by Abul Fazl. For towards the close of my father’s reign,... availing himself of the influence which by some means or other he had acquired, he [Abul Fazzel] so wrought upon the mind of his master [that is, Akbar], as to instil into him the belief that the seal and asylum of prophecy, to whom the devotion of a thousand lives such as mine would be a sacrifice too inadequate to speak of, was no more to be thought of than as an Arab of singular eloquence, and that the sacred inspirations recorded in the Koran were nothing else but fabrications invented by the ever-blessed Mahommed.... Actuated by these reasons it was that I employed the man who killed Abul Fazzel and brought his head to me, and for this it was that I incurred my father’s deep displeasure. trans. Not an immediate witness of the Jauhar, Abu’l Fazl reports that several fires became visible in Chittor less than an hour after the governor of the fort was killed. Major David Price. quoted from Lal, K. S. (1992). II (London: Samuel Bentley, 1834, pp. Quoted from Lal, K. S. (1994). Abu al-Fazal ibn Mubarak was born in January 14, 1551 in Agra, India. Chapter 7. In the meantime, entertaining a notion that the imperial army was but inadequately provided with the means of carrying on the arduous operations of a siege, the infatuated Ráná devoted his attention to strengthen the fortifications of Chaitúr, and to furnish it with stores and provisions for many years to come. No dignity is higher in the eyes of God than royalty… Royalty is a light emanating from God, and a ray from the sun, the illuminator of the universe. quoted from Lal, K. S. (1999). Near the head of the principal sap, the imperial troops pushing forward on anticipation, succeeded in effecting a considerable breach in the strongest part of the wall, where they proceeded to exhibit the noblest proofs of devoted courage. (II.203), [Hindus are] “religious, affable, cheerful, lovers of justice, given to retirement, able in business, admirers of truth, grateful, and of unbounded fidelity.”, Quoted from Will Durant, Our Oriental Heritage. He was the brother of the poet Faizi. Ain-i-Akbari. Ain-i-Akbari by Abul Fazl. Chapter 2, About Akbar. Those who had madly taken post in the temples and dwelling-houses, when they beheld the imperial troops advancing upon them, fiercely sallied out, but were destroyed before they could come within sword-length, by the fire of their adversaries. At the first dawn of intelligence, he acquired much learning and withdrawing from all worldly pursuits, set out journeying through wilds and gave a fresh beauty to his life by visiting holy shrines. by H. Blochmann. New Delhi: Radha. Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak is the most famous person who died in 1602. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan. The religion of thousands consists in clinging to an idea; they are happy in their sloth.... many would observe silence from fear of fanatics. Jauhar and Saka, often referred to together simply as Jauhar, are the names for the two parts of a mass suicide ritual carried out by the Rájpút clans in the face of immediate and inescapable military defeat. also known as Abu'l-Fazl, Abu'l Fadl and Abu'l-Fadl 'Allami (14 January 1551 – 12 August 1602) was the Grand vizier of the Mughal emperor Akbar, and author of the Akbarnama, the official history of Akbar's reign in three volumes, (the third volume is known as the Ain-i-Akbari) and a Persian translation of the Bible. Others obstinately awaited their fate in their own houses; while others, with sword in hand and shortened lance, bravely faced their assailants, from whom they found the death they sought. Abu’l Fazl is best known today for his Akbarnama, a three-volume history of the life and empire of its commissioner, the emperor Akbar. Abu Fazl quoted by Lal, K. S. (2012). “Awadh is one of the largest cities of India. The portals of spiritual discernment were partly opened to him and he discarded the effete doctrines of his own time. In ancient times its populous site covered an extent of 148 kos in length and 36 in breadth, and it is esteemed one of the holiest places of antiquity. Abu’l Fazl was born in Agra, the second son to the Indian scholar and teacher Shaikh Mubarak, who educated Abu’l Fazl from an early age in the Islamic sciences, Greek philosophy, and mysticism. Memoirs of the Emperor Jahangueir, written by himself; and translated from a Persian manuscript, by Major David Price (Oriental Translation Committee, 1829), Quoted from. Mankind (is) under the burden of lawlessness and lust…. Saka is the subsequent or simultaneous march of the men to certain death at the hands of their enemies. Mulla Do-Piyaza - Mulla Do-Piyaza is often cited as the Minister of Home Affairs of Akbar’s court. Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak (em farsi: ابو الفضل) também conhecido como Abu'l-Fazl, Abu'l Fadl e Abu'l-Fadl 'Allami (Agra, 14 de janeiro de 1551 — Antri, perto de Narwar, 12 de agosto de 1602) foi um cronista, historiógrafo e vizir do grande imperador mogol Akbar; autor do Akbarnama, a história oficial do reinado de Akbar em três volumes, (o terceiro volume é conhecido como o Ain-i-Akbari) e de uma tradução persa da Bíblia. The first volume details the history of Akbar’s family back to Timur, and the second volume describes Akbar’s own reign as far as 1602. ??????) Jauhar specifically refers to the self-immolation of the women and children in anticipation of capture and abuse. The vulgar believe them to be the resting-places of Seth and the prophet Job, and extraordinary tales are related of them. Akbarnāma, or The History of Akbar, by Abu’l-Fazl (d. 1602), is one of the most important works of Indo-Persian history and a touchstone of prose artistry. It is situated in longitude 118°, 6’, and latitude 27°, 22’. The number of Rájpúts inured to war collected on this occasion for the defence of Chaitúr, is stated at nearly eight thousand; but the inhabitants, who bore a part also in the defence of the place, amounted to more than forty thousand men. 14-15, 31-34, 38, 40). This page was last edited on 16 October 2020, at 07:05. Thus, between early dawn and the hour of noon was the period in which these unfortunates were doomed to perish – to be consumed both body and soul by the wrath of Omnipotence; the slain on this occasion being stated at nearly thirty thousand men. Sheikh abu al-Fazal ibn Mubarak also known as Abu’l-Fadl, abu’l-Fadl Allami or Abu’l-Fazl was among the nine jewels or ‘navratna’ of Mughal emperor akbar’s court. He was also one of the Nine Jewels (Hindi: Navaratnas) of Akbar's royal court and the brother of Faizi, the poet laureate of emperor Akbar. Reissued here is the two-volume edition that appeared in 1800. On the night previous to the day of its capture, the place was attacked at once on every side, and the rampart having been breached in several parts, all things indicated that the conquest of Chaitúr was now at hand. https://en.wikiquote.org/w/index.php?title=Abu%27l-Fazl_ibn_Mubarak&oldid=2877666, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Abu’l Fazl Ibn Mubarak, “An Account of the Siege and Reduction of Chaitur by the Emperor Akbar,” from the Akbar-namah of Shaikh Abul-Fazl, tr. Shaikh Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarakk also known as Abu'l-Fazl, Abu'l Fadl and Abu'l-Fadl 'Allami (14 January 1551 – 12 August 1602) was the Grand vizier of the Mughal emperor Akbar, and author of the Akbarnama, the official history of Akbar's reign in three volumes, (the third volume is known as the Ain-i-Akbari) and a Persian translation of the Bible. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan. The attendants on the emperor were indulging in a variety of conjectures as to the meaning of this conflagration, when Rájah Bahgwántdás set the matter at rest by explaining that this was the Johar fire; adding, that in Hindustán, on the occurrence of a catastrophe such as was likely to happen on this memorable night, it was the custom to prepare a pile of sandalwood and odiferous drugs, together with dry fuel and other combustibles smothered with oil, and placing those in whom they could confide in charge of their women, with instructions to set fire to the pile and consume these unoffending and hapless females to ashes, the instant it was ascertained that the conflict had terminated fatally, and that the men were slain. The legacy of Muslim rule in India. After which, having laid waste the surrounding districts in every direction, so that there was not left a blade of grass remaining, he finally withdrew himself beyond the inaccessible passes of his mountain lands. ... Ayodhya... is regarded as sacred ground. Ain-i-Akbari by Abul Fazl. The identity of this personage who thus conspicuously distinguished himself could not however be made out by any one. Shaikh Abu al-Fazal ibn Mubarak (Persian, Urdu : ابو الفضل‎‎) also spelled as Abu'l-Fazl, Abu'l Fadl and Abu'l-Fadl 'Allami was the Grand vizier of the Mughal emperor Akbar, and author of the Akbarnama, the official history of Akbar's reign in three volumes, (the third volume is known as the Ain-i-Akbari) and a Persian translation of the Bible. He ruled for eleven thousand years and introduced just laws of administration.” (Rãma-Incarnation, Vol- III, p. 291), “Ayodhyã, commonly called Awadh. When the banners of the empire were displayed upon the works, the besieged retired partly into the pagodas; and trusting to the sanctity of those places, and the protection of their idols, awaited with fortitude the moment to lay down their lives. Quoted in Lal, K. S. (2001). … Akbar commissioned one of his nine jewels from his court and biographer Abu’l-Fazl ibn Mubarak to write Akbarnama. This book is the official chronicle of Akbar’s reign who served the Mughal Empire from 1556 to 1605. by H. Blochmann, quoted from Lal, K. S. (1992). According to Abu"l-Fazl ibn Mubarak"s Akbarnama, when Shirazi died, Akbar mourned his death: grieved at the departure of this memorial of former sages. And yet, to the limited scope of human vision, the ramparts of this celebrated place seemed already beyond the reach of anything like a successful attack. Fecha de muerte: 12. ABU’L FAZL IBN MUBARAK (1551–1602) from Biography of the Emperor Akbar: On Jauhar and Saka Abu’l Fazl was born in Agra, the second son to the Indian scholar and teacher Shaikh Mubarak, who educated Abu’l Fazl from an early age in the … Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak também conhecido como Abu'l-Fazl, Abu'l Fadl e Abu'l-Fadl 'Allami foi um cronista, historiógrafo e vizir do grande imperador mogol Akbar; autor do Akbarnama, a história oficial do reinado de Akbar em três volumes, e de uma tradução persa da Bíblia. Shaikh Abu al-Fazal ibn Mubarak (Persian: ابو الفضل ‎‎) also known as Abu'l-Fazl, Abu'l Fadl and Abu'l-Fadl 'Allami (1551 – 12 August 1602) was the Grand vizier of the Mughal emperor Akbar, and author of the Akbarnama, the official history of Akbar's reign in three volumes, (the third volume is known as the Ain-i-Akbari) and a Persian translation of the Bible. Numerous verses in the Hindi language are still extant of him containing important theological truths.” (Ain-i-Akbari, Vol. A history in Persian of the nearly fifty years’ reign of Akbar, Mogul emperor of India (a contemporary of Queen Elizabeth); the greatest Asiatic monarch of modern times, and in genius and character one of … In fact, on the morning which dawned in victory to the imperial arms, it was ascertained that the shot discharged by the royal Akbar had actually taken effect on the person of Jaimal Pátá, the governor of the fort, and at once decided the fate of Chaitúr and his own. They died on a Monday. Marking a high point in a long, rich tradition of Persian historical writing, it served as a model for historians throughout the Persianate world. ABU’L FAZL IBN MUBARAK (1551–1602) from Biography of the Emperor Akbar: On Jauhar and Saka Abu’l Fazl was born in Agra, the second son to the Indian scholar and teacher Shaikh Mubarak, who educated Abu’l Fazl from an early age in the Islamic sciences, Greek philosophy, and mysticism. He was the author of the Akbarnama, the three volume official account of the emperor's reign. They were at the same time held in perfect readiness to enter the place at the first dawn of daylight. The other was the temple of Mahádeo, their principal place of worship, where another considerable body of the besieged gave themselves up to the sword. अबुल फजल की जीवनी - Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak Biography Hindi, Abul-Fazl ka pura naam, Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak ke pita kaa naam, Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak ki maata Ain-i-Akbari by Abul Fazl. Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak, född 1551 och död 1602 var en indisk statsman och historieskrivare.. Abu-l-Fazl kallades 1574 till stormogul Akbar den stores hov, där han utan att inta någon officiell ställning, kom att utöva stort inflytande, särskilt vid utformningen av Akbars universellt inriktade religionspolitik och som ledare för dennes litterära strävanden. Accordingly, at break of day, the troops issued at once from their trenches, and rushing into the fort at all points, proceeded immediately to the work of bondage and slaughter; while the unfortunate Rájpúts, having lost all order, were put to the sword, fighting and resisting to the very last man. I, 327. In the second volume of the Akbarnama, Abu’l Fazl describes the third siege and consequent third Jauhar [Johar] at the fort of Chittor [Chaitúr] in 1567. On Thursday, the 19th of the latter Rabía, accordingly, he appeared in the neighbourhood of the place, and encamped. Filed under Abu'l Fazl ibn Mubarak, Asia, Hinduism, Islam, Mass Suicide, Military Defeat, Success, Strategy, Selections, The Early Modern Period, For Help Concerning Suicide: Resources for Suicide Prevention, Central and South American Indigenous Cultures, Intellectual, Religious, or Cultural Tradition, Central and South American Native Cultures, Mental Illness: depression, despair, insanity, delusion. For a long time past scarce any trace of them (Buddhists) has existed in Hindustan.